Thursday, June 27, 2013

Practice Test in LET Biological Science-majorship









1. Where do producers obtain their energy?

A.    From other producers

B.     From the consumers

C.     From the decomposers

D.    From the sun



2. Why do you experience not seeing things clearly for some seconds when you enter suddenly a well-lighted room after coming from a dark room, you?

A.    The pupils are not adapted to the dark

B.     The eyes are adapted to the light only

C.     The pupils are not dilated yet

D.    Light had caused temporary blindness



3. What term is used to describe the ability to maintain a constant internal environment?

A.    Metabolism

B.     Growth and development

C.     Homeostasis

D.    Thermoregulation



4.What is the most common cause of cardiovascular disease?

A.    Fatty deposits in the arteries

B.     Inadequate supply of red blood cells

C.     Lack of sodium in the diet

D.    Increased heartbeat



5.Which is the smallest unit of life that can survive and reproduce on its own?

A.    Cell

B.     Organ

C.     Tissues

D.    Population



6.Which region of a vertebrate forebrain is considered with the neutral-endocrine control of visceral activities?

A.    Cerebellum

B.     Thalamus

C.     Hypothalamus

D.    Pituitary



7.Which of the following is the building block carbohydrate?

A.    Amino acid

B.     Nucleotide

C.     Fatty acid

D.    Monosaccharide



8.Why it is necessary men have more red blood cells per cubic millimeter of blood than women?

A.    Man does strenuous activities and need more energy

B.     They have bigger physique and need more blood

C.     Man waste more blood cells and need extra

D.    They are more prone to anemia disorders



9.Which of the following is the building block of protein?

A.    Amino acid

B.     Nucleotide

C.     Fatty acid

D.    Monosaccharide



10.Where does protein synthesis take place?

A.    Ribosomes

B.     Lysosomes

C.     Endoplasmic reticulum

D.    Golgi bodies



11.Why are our lips “redder” than our palm?

A.    There is increased blood flow in the lips

B.     Lips are heavily keratinized

C.     Lip epidermis is thinner

D.    Many blood vessels are located around the lips



12.Which of the following cannot be found in prokaryotes?

A.    Cytoplasm

B.     Plasma membrane

C.     Membrane-bound nucleus

D.    DNA



13.What do we call mutation that is brought about by the earth natural radioactivity?

A.    Continuous

B.     Induced

C.     Lysosomes

D.    Chloroplast



14.Which of the following organelles produces turbo pressure against cell wall and mainly acts as water reservoir

A.    Plastids

B.     Vacuole

C.     Lysosomes

D.    Chloroplast



15.What is the branch crobial organisms is used in the creation of genetically modified organisms?

A.    Pseudomonas vulgaris

B.     Bacillus thuringensis

C.     Agro bacterium tumafaciens

D.    Escherichia coli



16.What is the branch of zoology that is devoted to the study of fish?

A.    Helmintology

B.     Ichthyology

C.     Chondrichthyes

D.    Ornithology



17.The process involved in the production of mRNA using DNA as template is termed _______?

A.    Transcription

B.     Replication

C.     Gene manipulation

D.    Reverse transcription



18.What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the protoplasm?

A.    Fluid

B.     Blood

C.     Plasma

D.    Water



19.Which is the riches type of tropical rain forest in the Philippines?

A.    Molave forest

B.     Dipterocarp forest

C.     Mangrove forest

D.    Pine forest



20.What muscle is described as involuntary, not striated, and have a single nucleus?

A.    Smooth

B.     Skeletal

C.     Cardiac

D.    Connective



21.We feel warmer just before it rains because __________.

A.    Heat is released by the evaporation of water

B.     The clouds prevent heat from escaping the earth

C.     There is an increased relative humidity

D.    Heat is released by the condensation of water vapor



22.Which of the following is not considered as a reproductive cell?

A.    Gamete

B.     Somatic cell

C.     Egg cell

D.    Sperm cell



23.The cell wall of plant is made of _______.

A.    Lipids

B.     Cellulose

C.     Protein

D.    Cell membrane



24.Which of the following is the correct sequence of the level of organization from lowest to highest?

A.    Cells-system-organs-tissues

B.     System-organs-tissues-cells

C.     Cells-tissues-organs-system

D.    Tissues-systems-cells-organs



25.At metaphase of the meiotic division, the chromosomes are attached to the spindle fibers as ________.

A.    Double chromatids

B.     Non-homologous pairs

C.     Single chromatid strands

D.    A tetrad of four chromatids



26.Which of the following is an example of behavioral adaption?

A.    Thick green stems of the cactus plant

B.     Thick fur of the bear

C.     Shedding leaves during summer

D.    Presence of cuticle on the upper surface of the leaves



27.The bipolar nature of the cell membrane is due to _______.

A.    Presence of carries

B.     Presence of

C.     Phospholipids bilayer

D.    Integral proteins



28.Which of the following is made up of diploid number of cells?

A.    Zygote

B.     Sperm cell

C.     Egg cell

D.    Both B and C



29.Which plant has underground stem modified for reproduction?

A.    Ginger

B.     Camote

C.     Tubers

D.    Strawberry



30.Which of the following structures serve as a passageway of food and air?

A.    Epiglottis

B.    Trachea

C.    Pharynx

D.    Larynx



31.Which kind of relationship is exhibited by algae and fungi in lichen?

A.    Commensalism

B.     Parasitism

C.     Symbiosis

D.    Competition



32.What do you call the finger-like folds on the inner linings of the small intestine?

A.    Villi

B.     Appendix

C.     Rugae

D.    Cecum



33.Aside from ADP, what else is the end production of the dark-reaction phase of ohotosynthesis?

A.    Carbon dioxide

B.     Surag

C.     Carbon

D.    Starch



34.What is that flap-like structure that prevents the food from going the wrong way during swallowing?

A.    Epiglottis

B.     Larynx

C.     Esophagus

D.    Pharynx



35.Which pigment is dominant in red algae?

A.    Phycocyanin

B.     Fucoxanthin

C.     Chlorophyll

D.    Pharynx



36.What is the membrane that surrounds the lungs?

A.    Pleura

B.     Meninges

C.     Peritoneum

D.    Pericardium



37.What is that 3-carbon sugar formed during the dark reaction phase of the photosynthesis?

A.     ADP

B.     NADPH

C.     ATP

D.    PGAL



38.What is the product of carbohydrate digestion?

A.    Fatty acid

B.     Glucose

C.     Amino acid

D.    Nucleic acid



39.What process is responsible for the upward movement of the water in very tall trees?

A.    Osmosis

B.     Capillary action

C.     Turgor pressure

D.    Transpiration



40.What is the enzyme in the mouth that breaks starch to maltose?

A.    Peptidase

B.     Ptyalin

C.     Pepsin

D.    Maltase



41.What do you call the types of symmetry where the body parts are paired on either side of the body?

A.     Dorsal

B.     Bilateral

C.     Radial

D.    Ventral

42.Which is considered as the respiratory center of the brain?                     


A.    Cerebellum

B.     Medulla oblongata

C.     Cerebrum

D.    Thalamus



43.Which stage of incomplete metamorphism is undergone by grasshopper?                       

A.     Nymph, pupa, adult

B.     Egg, larva, pupa, adult

C.     Egg, nymph, adult

D.     Egg, pupa, adult



44.Which of the following is NOT part of the thoracic cage?                       

A.    Clavicle

B.     Ribs

C.     Costal cartilages

D.    Sternum



45.Where does the toxin substance secreted by bees and ants through their sting originate?                       

A.     Silk glands

B.     Intestines

C.     Rectal glands

D.     Salivary glands



46.What is the longest bone in the body?

A.    Humerus

B.     Ferum

C.     Tibia-fibula

D.     Clavicle



47.Which cause our bones to turn brittle and easily break?                       

A.    Turning into muscle tissues

B.     Increase in flexibility

C.     Turbidity decrease

D.     Removal of collagen



48.How many bones does an adult human body has?                        

A.    201

B.     200

C.     217

D.    206



49.What do you call automatic responses to an external stimulus?                       

A.    Reflex

B.     Instinct

C.     Impulse

D.    All of these



50.What structure provides flexible support and protection to the spinal cord?                                                                                            

A.    Skull

B.     Ribs

C.     Vertebral column

D.    Sternum



51. Which hormone is insufficient in cretinism?                                                                                           


A.    Glucagon

B.     Adrenalin

C.     Insulin

D.    Thyroxine



52.Which of the following is both endocrine and an exocrine gland?                                                                                            

A.    Gastric glands

B.     Thyroid glands

C.     Pituitary glands

D.    Pancreas



53.What organ is controlled by the automatic nervous system?                                                                                            

A.    Skeletal

B.     Muscles

C.     Heart

D.    Both A and B



54.What do you call food in a semi-liquid form, partially digested and mixed with hydrochloric acid?                                                                                            

A.    Gastric secretion

B.     Gastric fluid

C.     Mucosa

D.    Chime



55.Which is considered the master gland due to its influence on the activity of all the other glands?                                                                                            

A.    Thyroid

B.     Adrenal

C.     Pituitary

D.    Parathyroid



56.Which part of the brain is responsible for intelligence, memory and learned behavior?                                                                                            

A.    Cerebellum

B.     Cerebrum

C.     Medulla

D.    Thalamus



57. Which of these materials is not a major component of the plasma membrane?                                                                                            

A.    Phospholipids

B.     Glycoprotein

C.     Proteins

D.    DNA



58.Which form of RNA delivers information from DNA to be used in making protein?                                                                                            

A.    Messenger RNA

B.     Ribosomal RNA

C.     Transfer RNA

D.    All of the above



59.Which of the following is not a type of cell?                                                                                            

A.    Bacterium

B.     Amoeba

C.     Sperm

D.    Virus



60.Which property of water is probably MOST important for the functioning of organisms at the molecular level?                                                                                             

A.    Cohesion and high surface tension

B.     High specific heat

C.     High heat of vaporization

D.    Versatility as a solvent



61.Which of the following statements is true of diffusion?                                                                                            

A.    It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell

B.     It is a passive process

C.     It occurs when molecules move from a region of   lower  concentration to one of higher concentration

D.    It requires a membrane



62.Which of the following is FALSE in comparing prophase I of meiosis and prophase of mitosis?                                                                                            

A.    The chromosomes condense in both

B.     Tetrads form in both

C.     The nuclear envelope disassembles in both

D.    A spindle forms in both



63.Which are small, irregularly-shaped cells without nuclei but are rich in ATP?                                                                                            

A.    Leukocytes

B.     Thrombocytes

C.     Lymphocytes

D.    Erythrocytes



64.What branch of Biology is involved when one is studying the characteristic structure and functions of all kinds of cells?                                                                                            

A.    Cytology

B.     Morphology

C.     Physiology

D.    Histology



65.Which part of seed appears as a scar which marks the entry of the pollen tube during fertilization?                                                                                            

A.    Seed leaf

B.     Cotyledon

C.     Testa

D.    Hilum



66.Which type of tissue is responsible for the secondary growth in stems and roots of vascular plants?                                                                                            

A.    Meristematic cells

B.     Cambium

C.     Palisade layer

D.    Epidermis



67.Which biome grows tropical grassland with scattered individual trees and larger herbivores?                                                                                            

A.    Tundra

B.     Rain forest

C.     Grassland

D.    Savanna



68. What do you call that process in birds wherein they shed off features at least once a year?                                                                                            

A.    Skinning

B.     Molting

C.     Furrowing

D.    Migrating



69.What chemical controls metamorphosis among insects?                                                                                             

A.    Enzymes

B.     Estradol

C.     Pheromones

D.    Ethylene



70.Which of the following makes up the plant cell wall?                                                                                            

A.    Nucleic acid

B.     Cellulose

C.     Protein

D.    Lipids



71.Which of the following is not true of fungi?                                                                                            

A.    Some are pathogenic

B.     Some are photosynthetic

C.     Some are edible

D.    Form symbiotic relation with algae



72.Which of the following is not true of plants?                                                                                            

A.    Some are pathogenic

B.     Some are photosynthetic

C.     Some are edible

D.    Form symbiotic relation with algae



73.Which of the following is considered multi-cellular?                                                                                             

A.    Embryo

B.     Fertilized egg

C.     Egg cell

D.    Sperm cell



74.What hormone promotes the growth of the uterine lining for the implantation of the embryo?                                                                                            

A.    Lactogenic hormone

B.     Progesterone

C.     Testosterone

D.    Oxytocen



75.Which of the following pair of organisms are closely related?                                                                                            

A.    Spider and mosquito

B.     Frog and crocodile

C.     Man and monkey

D.    Ants and aphids



76.What does it mean if the blood pressure of human is 110/70?                                                                                            

A.    The systolic pressure is 70

B.     The diastolic pressure is 70

C.     The pulse rate is 110 beats per minute

D.    Both B and C



77.Which of the following happens when man exhale?                                                                                           

A.    The residual volume of the lungs decreases

B.     The diaphragm contracts

C.     The volume of the thoracic cavity decreases

D.    The lung contracts



78.Which of the following regulate breathing?                                                                                            

A.    RBC concentration

B.     Number of haemoglobin

C.     Hormone level in blood

D.    CO2 and O2 concentration and pH level sensors



79.Which of the following has the lowest velocity of blood flow                                                                                            

A.    Veins

B.     Arteries

C.     Capillaries

D.    Arterioles



80. How many carbon atoms can each pyruvic acid supply into the Kirb’s cycle?                                                                                            

A.    8

B.     6

C.     4

D.    2



81.How many oxygen is required each time to a molecule of glucose is completely oxidized through aerobic respiration?                                                                                            

A.    3

B.     6

C.     12

D.    24



82.Which of the following will not be accepted by glycolysis for catabolism?                                                                                            

A.    Starch

B.     Glycerol

C.     Fatty acid

D.    Sucrose



83.Which of the following characteristic is common between echinoderms and cnidarians?                                                                                             

A.    They are both radically symmetrical

B.     They have segmented bodies

C.     Both have stinging cells

D.    They have three embryonic tissue layers



84.Which of the following is true of Phylum Chordata?                                                                                            

    I.Presence of notochord that provides skeletal support

   II. Pharyngeal slits that have become modified for gas exchange

                III.   Dorsal hallow nerve cord that develops into the central nervous system

A.    II and III

B.     I and II

C.     I and III

D.    I, II and III



85.Which of the following cannot be associated with fungi?                                                                                            

A.    Absorptive nutrition

B.     Decomposers

C.     Autotrophs

D.    Spore production



86.Which of the following does not involve mitosis?                                                                                            

A.    Development of embryo

B.     Growth

C.     Production of gametes

D.    Repairing of damaged tissues



87.Which of the followings is true of mammals?                                                                                           

                               I. They have four chambered heart

                              II. They produce milk for the young

                            III. They are warm blooded

A.     I and II

B.     II and III

C.     I and III

D.    I, II and III



88.What term describes an egg develop into a new organism without itself being fertilized be a sperm?                                                                                            

A.    Regeneration

B.     Conjugation

C.     Parthenogenesis

D.    Fusion

89.Which of the following is responsible for formation of blood cell?                                                                                            

A.    Cartilage

B.     Bone narrow

C.     Joints

D.    Tendons



90.What is most likely happen when a species cannot adapt to the changes in the environment?                                                                                            

A.    It will be transform to another form

B.     It will become extinct

C.     It will be isolated

D.    It will grow old



91.What term is used to describe the released of matured egg cell from the ovary?                                                                                            

A.    Fertilization

B.     Copulation

C.     Ovulation

D.    Germination



92. Which of the following blood cells is responsible for blood clotting?                                                                                            

A.    Erythrocytes

B.     Leukocytes

C.     Thrombocytes

D.    Neutrophils



93.Where does ectopic pregnancy occur?                                                                                            

A.    Uterus

B.     Ovary

C.     Cervix

D.    Fallopian tube



94.Why is cell membrane semi permeability important?                                                                                            

A.    It is important in determining the size of the cell

B.     It controls the kind of substances that enters and  leaves the cell

C.     It controls the pressure and energy gradient

D.    It allows the molecules to diffuse freely in and out of the cell



95.What theory of evolution accounts for snake’s disappearance of legs and development of giraffe’s long neck?                                                                                            

A.    Theory of use and disuse

B.     Theory of natural selection

C.     Theory of chromosomal change

D.    Theory of action and interaction

96.Which of the following is an exocrine gland?                                                                                            

A.    Plastids and pigments

B.     Asters and centrioles

C.     Chloroplasts and vacuoles

D.    Cell wall and cell membrane



97.Which of the following is an exocrine gland?                                                                                            

A.    Thyroid gland

B.     Salivary gland

C.     Pituitary gland

D.    Adrenal gland



98.Which of the following is not an accessory organ of digestion?                                                                                            

A.    Liver

B.     Pancreas

C.     Salivary gland

D.    Adrenal gland



99.What hormone stimulates the development of male secondary sex characteristics?                                                                                            

A.    Estrogen

B.     Prolactin

C.     Testosterone

D.    Progesteron



100.Which of the following parts performs both as reproductive and urinary functions in males?                  

A.    Ureter

B.     Testes

C.     Urethra

D.    Scrotum





             ANSWER KEY

1.      D

2.      C

3.      C

4.      A

5.      A

6.      C

7.      D

8.      A

9.      A

10.  A

11.  C

12.  C

13.  C

14.  B

15.  D

16.  B

17.  A

18.  D

19.  B

20.  A

21.  D

22.  B

23.  B

24.  C

25.  A

26.  C

27.  C

28.  A

29.  C

30.  C

31.  C

32.  A

33.  B

34.  A

35.  D

36.  D

37.  D

38.  B

39.  B

40.  B

41.  B

42.  B

43.  C

44.  A

45.  C

46.  B

47.  D

48.  D

49.  A

50.  C

51.  D

52.  D

53.  C

54.  D

55.  C

56.  B

57.  D

58.  A

59.  D

60.  D

61.  B

62.  B

63.  D

64.  A

65.  D

66.  B

67.  D

68.  B

69.  A

70.  B

71.  B

72.  D

73.  A

74.  B

75.  C

76.  B

77.  C

78.  D

79.  A

80.  D

81.  B

82.  C

83.  A

84.  D

85.  C

86.  C

87.  D

88.  C

89.  B

90.  B

91.  C

92.  C

93.  D

94.  B

95.  A

96.  B

97.  B

98.  D

99.  C

100. C





BACKGROUND OF MR. CRISENCIO M. PANER:

  • Ph.D. in Biological Science (Candidate), UST
  • M.S. in Microbiology, UST
  • B.S. Biochemistry, UST
  • Italian Government Scholar
  • College Scholar
  • Certificate in Education
  • 10th Placer Licensure Exams for Teachers
  • 20 years of experience as a teacher (College, High School, Elementary)
  • Expert in Internet, Computer (Software, Hardware, and Repair)
  • Researcher and Blogger
  • Art Restorer/Conservator



PLS. CHECKOUT ALSO THE FOLLOWING BLOGS OF MINE:





 http://letsecrets.blogspot.com  (HOW TO PREPARE FOR LET)


Monday, June 3, 2013

Special Education in the Philippines




Special education refers to the arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials, accessible settings, and other interventions designed to address the needs of students with learning differences, mental health issues, physical and developmental disabilities, and giftedness. Provision of special education is inferred from two provisions of the 1987 Philippine Constitution. Article II, Section 17 provides that the state must give priority to education, while Article XIV, Section 1 guarantees that this education be accessible to all: appropriate steps must be taken.

Chapter II of Title II of the Magna Carta for Disable Persons, RA 7277, introduced some rules on special education in the Philippines. Sec. 12 mandates that the "State shall take into consideration the special requirements of disabled persons in the formulation of educational policies and programs." On the other hand, learning institutions are encouraged "to take into account the special needs of disabled persons with respect to the use of school facilities, class schedules, physical education requirements, and other pertinent consideration." Specifically, learning institutions are encouraged to provide "auxiliary services that will facilitate the learning process for disabled persons."

Sec. 14 of RA 7277 provides that the State "shall establish, maintain and support complete, adequate and integrated system of special education for the visually impaired, hearing impaired, mentally retarded persons and other types of exceptional children in all regions of the country."

However, AFAIK, there is still no comprehensive law which mandates special education in the Philippines. There are two pending Senate bills: SB No. 517, introduced by Sen. Jinggoy Estrada, and SB No. 2020, introduced by Sen. Miriam Defensor Santiago. Both are still pending on the Committee Level.

Sen. Estrada's bill proposes the establishment of special education centers in strategic places to be able to provide accessible services for children with special needs. It mandates that there should be at least one Special Education Center for each school division, and at least three SpEd Centers for school divisions with Children with Special Needs (CSN). Furthermore, it mandates that the State shall institutionalize an adequate and relevant educational program for every child with special needs (Sec. 2). The bill seeks to empower the parents of CSN, by providing them with information about the full continuum of services and possible placement options (Sec. 3, para. d). It further seeks to empower the teachers and other caregivers by providing them with the capability to identify, refer and intervene with developmental disorders and disabilities (Sec. 3, para. e). (I hate the word "prevent" which is actually used in the bill.) But perhaps, the most lofty ideal as identified by the bill is to "effectuate significant and positive changes in community attitudes towards disability and the need to provide special education, care and other needs of children with special needs. (Sec. 3, para. g)."

The putative Special Education Act of 2007 identifies ten groups of Children with Special Needs (CSNs) (Sec. 4, para. f):
1. gifted children and fast learners
2. mentally handicapped/mentally retarded
3. visually impaired
4. hearing impaired
5. children with behavior problems
6. orthopedically handicapped
7. children with special health problems
8. children with learning disabilities (perceptual handicap, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia and developmental aphasia)
9. speech impaired
10. persons with autism

Sen. Santiago's bill is substantially the same as Sen. Estrada's.

However, these two bills just legislates something which DepEd had apparently been doing as early as 1997. In DepEd Order No. 27, s. 1997, all divisions where required to organize at least one SPED Center to cater to children with special needs.


The ultimate goal of special education in the public schools, according to the Special Education Division of DepEd, is the integration or mainstreaming of learners with special needs into the regular school system and eventually in the community, following the principles of The Salamanca Statement on Principles, Policy and Practice in Special Education.

Out of 84.4 million Filipinos, approximately 5.486 million (13%) are individuals with special needs. Around 4.8% are provided with appropriate educational services, but the 95.2% of those with exceptionalities are unserved.

In 1995 to 1996 about 80,000 special needs children enrolled. 156,270 by school year 2004 to 2005: 77,152 were mentally gifted and 79,118 were children with disabilities:

40, 260 learning disabilities
11,597 hearing impaired
2,670 visually impaired
12,456 intellectually disabled
5,112 behavior issues
760 orthopedically disabled
5,172 children with autism
912 speech defectives
142 chronically ill
32 children with cerebral palsy

A very comprehensive review of the state of special education in the Philippines, in 1988, can be found in Pascual and Gregorio's "A Case Study on Special Education in the Philippines".


The First Legal Basis of Special Education in the Philippines





One of the Philippine legislations that contribute to the development of the Special Education sector. The Presidential Decree No. 603: The Child and Youth Welfare Code of the Philippines (1974) included the CSNs (Children with Special Needs).

The Child and Youth Welfare Code of the Philippines (1974) addressed the needs of persons with disabilities.

Article 3. Every child has the right to a well-rounded development of his personality to the end that he may become a happy, useful and active member of society.


The gifted child shall be given opportunity and encouragement to develop his special talents.

The emotionally disturbed or socially maladjusted child shall be treated with sympathy and understanding, and shall be entitled to treatment and competent care.


The physically or mentally handicapped child shall be given the treatment, education and care required by his particular condition.